訪日外国人古都（コト）体験

京都観光　おすすめ　京都の歴史　平安遷都

平安京の前は平城京と思われていらっしゃる方も多いかと思いますが、実は平城京から７８４年に遷都されたのは長岡京です。ただし長岡京に都がおかれたのはわずか１０年だけでした。革命家である桓武天皇は律令政治の改新のため大和を離れる決意をし長岡京に都を移しましたが、長岡京遷都の翌年に桓武天皇の懐刀といわれた藤原種継が暗殺されるという事態が起こってしまいます。

I think that there are many people who think that it is Heijokyo before Heiankyo, but in fact, it is Nagaokakyo that was relocated from Heijokyo in 784. However, nagaokakyo was only 10 years old. Emperor Kanmu, a revolutionary, decided to leave Yamato  for the reform of ritsuryo politics and moved the capital to Nagaokakyo, but the situation that Fujiwara Tanetsugu, who was said to be Emperor Kanmu’s sword, was assassinated the year after the move to Nagaokakyo will occur.

この陰謀の首謀者として大伴氏一族と天皇の皇太子である早良親王が処刑されたのですが、これを契機に天皇生母や皇后が死去し、また洪水や大雨や疫病が発生し早良親王の祟りとの評判が立ちました。このことをきっかけに桓武天皇は遷都を決意。中国の長安城をモデルにした平安京に７９４年遷都しました。

Prince Sagara, the crown prince of the Outomo clan and the Emperor, was executed as the mastermind of this conspiracy, but this led to the death of the emperor’s mother and empress, as well as floods, heavy rains, and plagues, which earned him a reputation as the king of Sagara. With this as an opportunity, Emperor Kanmu decided to move capital. Moved to Heiankyo, modeled after China’s Great An Castle, in 794

京都観光　おすすめ　京都の歴史　古代の史跡

京都といえば「寺院」という印象がありますが平城京から都が移った際には旧京の寺院が新京に移ることはゆるされませんでした。新たに新京に建てられた寺院は東寺と西寺のみでした。

Speaking of Kyoto, there is an impression that it is a “temple”, but when the capital moved from Heijokyo, the temple of the old Capital was not allowed to move to New Capital. The only new temples built in New Capatal were Toji and Saiji.

桓武天皇は８０６年に崩御され、平城（へいぜい）天皇が即位されましたが病のため実弟の嵯峨天皇に譲位され平城京に移られました。藤原式家（しきけ）出身の藤原仲成・薬子の兄弟は平城上皇と平城京への遷都を企てましたが、嵯峨天皇により察知され藤原仲成は射殺、藤原薬子は自殺しました。これが「薬子の変」です。この事件をきっかけに令外官として蔵人所が設置されました。その長官として任ぜられたのが藤原北家の藤原冬嗣です。摂関時代の幕開けです。

Emperor Kanmu was destroyed in 806, and Emperor Heijo ascended the throne to Emperor Saga, but due to illness, he was transferred to Heijokyo due to illness. The brothers of Fujiwara Nakanari and Kusuko from the Fujiwara Shiki family attempted to move to Heijokyo with Emperor Heijo, but were detected by Emperor Saga and Fujiwara Nakanari was shot dead and Fujiwara Kusuuko committed suicide. This is the incident of Kusuko. In the wake of this incident, a brewer’s office was established as a foreign officer. It is Fujiwara Fuytsugu of the Fujiwara Kita family to have been entrusted as the secretary. It is the beginning of the Sekkan era.

長岡京大極殿跡、平安宮大極殿跡、平安京朱雀門跡、平安京羅城門跡、西寺跡等で当時の思い出にふけるのはいかがでしょう。賀茂齋院跡は前述の薬子の変の戦勝祈願を賀茂神にした嵯峨天皇が勝利したのをきっかけに始まった「齋院」（未婚の女性を神に捧げること）にちなんでいて、以後４００年あまり続きました。現在葵祭で登場する「斎王代」はその名残を残しています。

How about indulge in memories of each time at Nagaokakyo Daigokuden Ruins, Heian Palace Daigokuden Ruins, Heiankyo Suzakumon Ruins, Heian Kyorajo Gate Ruins, Saiji Ruins, etc. The ruins of Kamosai-in Temple were named after “Saiin” (desaling unmarried women to God) which began when Emperor Saga, who made the aforementioned kusuko’s strange victory prayer a Kamojin, won, and continued for more than 400 years. “Saiodai”, which currently appears at the Aoi Festival, has left its remains behind.

京都観光　おすすめ　京都の歴史　平安時代～鎌倉時代の京都

平安時代の中国の長安をモデルにした京都の街は碁盤の目状で「左京」＝「東京」＝「洛陽城」、「右京」＝「西京」＝「長安城」とよばれていました。左京と右京ともに発展したかというとそうではなく、右京は低地で湿地帯が多くマラリアが発生したりして徐々に人の流出がはじてしまいました。左京と右京の中心だった朱雀大路も狭小化し南端にあった羅城門も倒壊してしまいました。右京が廃れる一方で左京の拡大は続き、貴族の住宅もつぎつぎとたてられました。

The town of Kyoto   capital which modeled on Cyanan in China in the Heian era was called “Sakyo” = “Tokyo” = “Rakuyo castle” and “Ukyo” = “Saikyo” = “Cyanan castle” in the eye shape of the board. It is not so whether both Sakyo and Ukyo developed, and Ukyo was a lowland, wetlands, and malaria occurred, and the outflow of people gradually bed. Suzaku Oji, which was the center of Sakyo and Ukyo, was also narrowed down, and The Rajyoumon Gate at the southern end also collapsed. The expansion of The Sakyo continued while Ukyo was abolished, and aristocratic houses were also built one after another.

平氏が六波羅第をつくり武家町をつくった頃には「京都」という都市名が確立されていました。１１８５年の平氏の滅亡により京都（朝廷）と鎌倉（武家）の二重政権が誕生しました。鎌倉幕府は六波羅探題を設け朝廷の監視を行いました。朝廷も令外官として設置されていた検非違使庁を機能させていました。

The city name “Kyoto” was established by the time Taira family made the Rokuhara-dai and the samurai town was made. The destruction of the Taiira family in 1185 led to the dual administrations of Kyoto (imperial court) and Kamakura (samurai). The Kamakura Shogunate established a rokhara search and monitored the imperial court. The imperial court also functioned the non-inspection agency that had been established as a foreign officer

京都観光　おすすめ　京都の歴史　戦乱の京都

白河法皇・鳥羽法皇の院政が続きましたが、１１５６年の保元の乱と１１５９年の平治の乱の後に台頭してきたのが平清盛で、政治の中心は武家に移りました。平氏が滅亡し源氏に代わっても幕府と朝廷の勢力争いは続き、１２２１年の承久の乱で後鳥羽上皇が武士に敗れ朝廷は武家の監視下におかれました。

The cloister rule of The Pope Shirakawa and Pope Toba continued, but after the Hogen War in 1156 and the Heiji War in 1159, kiyomori Taira emerged, and the center of politics shifted to the samurai family. Even after the death of the Taira family period, the shogunate and the imperial court continued to fight for power, and in the 1221 Shokyu war, The Imperial Prince Toba was defeated by a samurai, and the imperial court was under the watch of the samurai

政治の実権を朝廷に戻そうとして、後醍醐天皇は足利尊氏に六波羅探題を滅ぼさせ、新田義貞に鎌倉を攻めさせ建武の新政は成功しました、ただし実権は朝廷にもどることはありませんでした。足利家三代将軍足利義満は花の御所を造営しました。足利家八代将軍義満の後継者問題をきっかけに勃発した応仁の乱は１０年に渡り続き、幕府の権威も失墜しました。この戦乱が全国に飛び火して戦国時代をむかえます。

Emperor Go-Daigo destroyed the Rokhara search to Mr. Ashikaga Takauji, made Yoshisada Nitta attack Kamakura, and succeeded in the new politics of Kenmu, but the real power did not return to the imperial court. Yoshimitsu Ashikaga, the third shogun of the Ashikaga family, built the Flower Palace. The Onin War, which erupted in the wake of the problem of succeeding Ashikaga 8th Shogun Yoshimitsu, continued for 10 years, and the authority of the shogunate was also lost. This war jumps to the whole country and the Sengoku era is turned.

院政の名残を感じる「六勝寺跡」、六波羅探題跡、花の御所跡、応仁の乱勃発の地として上御霊神社を訪ね歴史の息吹を感じてはいかがでしょう？

Why don’t you visit and feel the breath of history at Kamigoryou shrine where onin war outbreak , “Rokshoji ruins” where you can feel the remains of cloister rule , rokhara search trail, flower imperial palace ruins?